Estudo sugere que território de Marte era coberto por gelo


Contrastando com a hipótese de um ambiente quente e úmido presente há quase 3,8 bilhões de anos em Marte, uma nova pesquisa apontou fortes indícios de que o planeta era, na verdade, coberto por gelo. Os estudos foram publicados na revista científica Nature Geoscience no dia 3 de agosto, e fomentaram discussões científicas.Durante cerca de 40 anos, acreditava-se que a origem dos grandes vales presentes em Marte era decorrente de rios alimentados por precipitação, que secaram devido às altas temperaturas e sofreram processos de erosão.No entanto, a pesquisa registra que grande parte dos vales foram forjados pelo derretimento de grandes geleiras (erosões glaciais), sugerindo um ambiente frio e seco no passado do planeta, semelhante ao da Antártica."Embora tenhamos encontrado evidências consistentes com a formação de um pequeno punhado de redes de vale dessa maneira [erosão de rios alimentados por chuvas], nossas observações sugerem que a maioria se formou sob camadas de gelo", explicou Gordon Osinski, pesquisador e co-autor do artigo.1430_flythrough-full2-min.jpgMarte conta conta com mais de 10 mil vales individuais. Foto: Divulgação/NasaDescobertas da pesquisaPara encontrar os resultados descobertos, a equipe de pesquisa — formada por Anna Grau Galofre, A. Mark Jellinek e Gordon R. Osinski — examinou cerca de 10.276 vales individuais encontrados em 66 redes de vales no Planeta Vermelho. Eles criaram algoritmos personalizados capazes de combinar as características da superfície e os processos erosivos formados.Por meio de análises do fluxo da água, os pesquisadores descobriram que 22 das redes de vales foram esculpidas por erosões glaciais, 14 pela água do rio e o restante das redes foram formados por outros processos de erosão.image-from-rawpixel-id-440180-jpeg.jpgSegundo o estudo, grande parte dos vales de Marte foram forjados por erosões glaciais, tendo em vista que a superfície do planeta teria sido coberta por gelo. Foto: RawpixelOs resultados sugerem um ambiente frio no início da história de Marte, mas isso não significa que o planeta foi uma "bola gigante de gelo". Apesar da descoberta trazer novas discussões sobre o antigo ambiente do planeta, é importante que outros processos geológicos não sejam ignorados, segundo Joe Levy, geólogo da Universidade Colgate."Quando você tem alguns bilhões de anos para trabalhar, é bem possível que cada vale tenha vivenciado de tudo, desde erosão glacial a fluxos de lava que provocaram enchentes sob céus prateados. Cada um desses processos muda a forma da rede do vale e deixa uma série de características sobrepostas para trás", lembra Levy.A comprovação da teoria de que Marte era coberta por gelo não exclui a possibilidade de vidas marcianas existentes no passado do planeta. Ambientes como o Lago Vostok, na Antártica, comprovam a viabilidade de presença de seres vivos em ambientes com frio rigoroso.Não à toa, a Nasa enviou um rover à Marte, no final de julho, para procurar sinais de alienígenas antigos. Novas descobertas referentes à vidas antigas no planeta podem esclarecer ainda mais os mistérios do Planeta Vermelho.Via: MIT Technology Review

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