NSA se esquiva de investigação sobre 'backdoors' em eletrônicos


Entre as denúncias feitas pelo ex-analista de sistemas da Agência de Segurança Nacional dos Estados Unidos (NSA), Edward Snowden, está a de que órgãos de espionagem do país teriam colocado acessos escondidos – os chamados "backdoors" – em smartphones e outros aparelhos para examinar grandes quantidades de dados sem um devido mandado. Essas brechas seriam negociadas com empresas de tecnologia, sem o conhecimento dos usuários.Mas desde o escândalo causado pelo vazamento promovido por Snowden, a NSA teria mudado suas diretrizes para tais práticas. Quais foram as mudanças? Um senador democrata, Ron Wyden, que faz parte do Comitê de Inteligência do Senado, está tentando descobrir – mas de acordo com a Reuters, a própria agência de segurança vem criando barreiras para a investigação."Acessos secretos criptografados são uma ameaça à segurança nacional e de nossas famílias - é apenas uma questão de tempo antes que hackers ou criminosos estrangeiros os explorem de maneiras que prejudiquem a segurança nacional norte-americana", afirmou Wyden à Reuters. "O governo não deveria ter nenhum papel no estabelecimento de backdoors na tecnologia de criptografia usada pelos norte-americanos".Rena Schild/ShutterstockCartazes erguidos por manifestantes durante um protesto contra a vigilância em massa nos EUA, em 26 de outubro de 2013. Imagem: Rena Schild/ShutterstockDefensores das ações da NSA dizem que a prática facilitou a coleta de informações vitais em outros países, incluindo a interceptação de comunicações terroristas. Desde os vazamentos, a agência teria desenvolvido novas regras, a fim de reduzir as chances de exposição e comprometimento. E para convencer as empresas a colaborar, funcionários da NSA dizem que a agência tem oferecido avisos sobre falhas de software como uma forma de recuperar sua confiança."Na NSA, é prática comum avaliar constantemente os processos para identificar e determinar as melhores práticas", afirmou a coordenadora do Diretório de Segurança Cibernética da NSA, Anne Neuberger, consultada pela Reuters. “Não compartilhamos processos e procedimentos específicos”, completou sem dar mais detalhes.Em condição de anonimato, três ex-membros da agência de inteligência disseram que a NSA agora exige que, antes que uma backdoor seja implantada, se pese as consequências potenciais e providencie algum tipo de aviso se o acesso for descoberto e utilizado por adversários. Os críticos dessas práticas dizem que elas comprometem os esforços para persuadir aliados a rejeitar a tecnologia chinesa – acusada, pelos norte-americanos, de ser usada para espionagem.A equipe de Wyden descobriu pelo menos um caso em que um agente estrangeiro conseguiu tirar vantagem de uma backdoor criada pela NSA. A Juniper Networks – uma fabricante de equipamentos de rede - disse que, em 2015, um de seus aparelhos havia sido comprometido.Em 2018, consultada pela equipe do senador, a NSA disse que havia um relatório de "lições aprendidas" sobre o incidente. "Agora eles afirmam que não conseguem localizar este documento", o porta-voz de Wyden, Keith Chu. A NSA e a Juniper se recusaram a comentar o assunto.Via: Reuters

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