Algoritmo encontra 50 novos exoplanetas em banco de dados da Nasa e do MIT


De acordo com cientistas da Universidade de Warnick, no Reino Unido, um algoritmo descobriu 50 novos exoplanetas ao analisar dados coletadas por telescópios espaciais, como o Kepler, da Nasa, e o Satélite de Pesquisa de Exoplanetas em Trânsito (TESS, na sigla em inglês), do Instituto de Tecnologia de Massachusetts (MIT, na sigla em inglês).Telescópios poderosos como estes identificam novos exoplanetas a partir das sombras que tais corpos celestes produzem quando passam na frente da luz que emerge das estrelas de seus sistemas planetários. Contudo, esse efeito de sombra também pode ser causado por um sistema estelar binário, interferência de outros objetos ou problemas com a câmera.Para evitar estes falsos positivos, os cientistas treinaram um algoritmo com duas diferentes amostras de planetas, as quais correspondiam a confirmados e enganos. Em seguida, foi calculada a probabilidade de cada candidato ser um exoplaneta verdadeiro para que o algoritmo pudesse avaliar os dados recebidos com base no que aprendeu. "Em termos de validação de planeta, ninguém usou uma técnica de aprendizado de máquina antes", contou David Armstrong, do Departamento de Física da Universidade de Warnick.ReproduçãoTelescópio espacial Kepler. Imagem: NasaOs 50 novos planetas descobertos pelo algoritmo têm entre o tamanho de Netuno e o tamanho da Terra, com órbitas entre 200 e um dia.Quanto ao sistema que encontrou os exoplanetas, os cientistas afirmam que é um método mais rápido do que as técnicas já existentes e que pode fazer as confirmações automaticamente. Por isso, a expectativa dos especialistas envolvidos é que, no futuro, o algoritmo validará milhares de candidatos planetários em potencial identificados por telescópios espaciais."O aprendizado de máquina tem sido usado para classificar candidatos planetários, mas nunca em uma estrutura probabilística, que é o que você precisa para realmente validar um planeta. Em vez de dizer quais candidatos são mais prováveis de serem planetas, agora podemos dizer qual é a probabilidade estatística precisa. Onde houver menos de 1% de chance de um candidato ser um falso positivo, ele é considerado um planeta validado", explicou Armstrong.Via: The Next Web

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